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Lesson 3 An Unknown Goddess
Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea．An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini．The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high----were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets．
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of the temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. Its missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C.This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hip. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far,the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
Language points 1, Some time ago，an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea． *文中用了被动式，强调discovery， 体现发现这个动作被考古学家做出 英文表达中常用被动语态。在以结果、影响、效果为主语的被动式句子中，强调了对客观事实的陈述。 2，An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini． *which引导定语从句，修饰限定temple An American team explored a temple which/ that is located / situated in… An American team explored a temple which/that lie in… *stand v. 表示高高坐落于，矗立于 e.g. She stands A great tree stands on the mount. 山上有个大树。（我们也可以用there be句型来表达中文意思，但是请大家体会下两者的差异。there be陈述客观事实：那里有什么，而例句则突出树，并且很高，感情色彩一下就不一样了。） 3，The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization． * for引导原因状语从句，对主句进行附加说明，译作“因为” 对比： because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因。 for引导的原因状语从句，突出了主句。 这点细微的差别，请大家在写作时注意。 e.g. I do it because I like it. 我做这件事因为我喜欢。 The day broke for the birds were singing. 破晓了，因为鸟儿在唱歌。 *at one time:表达曾经，一度；是过去时态的标志 *must have been 对过去事实肯定的推测 * enjoyed a high level of civilization. 享有高度文明 很好用的句子，请大家在写作,翻译和口语中尤其注意。 4，They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls． * with…作为所有物、属性或特点具有： e.g. a young man with broad shoulders 一个宽肩膀的青年 an old lady with black hair 一个黑发老妇人 * beautifully decorated 过去分词做定语 e.g. a beautifully dressed lady衣着漂亮的女士 a deserted carpark 废弃的停车场 a white painted door 被粉刷成白色的门 区别： 过去分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间是：被动关系 现在分词做定语，被修饰词与修饰词之间为；逻辑主动关系 a boy climbing the tree / the students reading in the room 5, The city was even equipped with a drainage system，for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets． * be equipped with 配备，装备 *for 引导原因状语从句 *beneath the narrow streets 对比：beneath\under\below (1) prep. beneath = under 正下方 e.g. He is standing under / beneath the umbrella.他站在雨伞下面。 (2) under 还有“在进行中” 的意思 e.g. under control 控制之中； under discussion 讨论之中； under repairs 修理之中 (3) below:在下方，强调斜下方 e.g. She is sitting below the window. 6, The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. *be used as / be used to be 把…用作为 e.g. The box was used as a desk in the small village school. The wooden box was used as a bookcase. The wooden box is used to contain books. 7, Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. * represent vt. 代表 e.g. I represent all the classmates. 8, The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. * dating 现在分词，修饰 remains e.g. the customs dating from 1990 *date from 追溯到，从… 开始 e.g. The castle dates from/dates back to the 14th century. 9，Its missing head happened to be among remains of… * happen to 强调事情偶然发生 e.g. I happen to have driven that kind of car. 我恰好开过这种车。 He happened to find the ticket in his pocket. 他恰巧在口袋里找到那张票。 句式：It happens that…… e.g. It happnes that I met her on my way to work I happened to meet her on my way to work happen on 巧遇，偶然发现,偶遇 e.g. I happend on this old picture in the drawer. Guess, who I happend on while I was in 10, When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. * reconstruct: put together, piece together, restore 修复，重组 对比：surprised; astonished; amazed; astounded 感到惊讶的，语气递增
surprised;
astonished: much surprised;
amazed: very much surprised;
astounded
非常惊讶，尺愕，惊奇* to find… / to discover… / to realize…
e.g. I’m not surprised to see you here. 在这见到你不奇怪。
* turn out 表明结果
(1) turn out ( to be) + n./adj. 结果是...
e.g. Our party turned out (to be) a success.
（2）It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果)
that 从句，或其他名词从句，it 作形式主语
e.g. It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time.
It turned out that his statement was false.
(3) as it turns out 人们后来发现
e.g. As it turns out, there was not need to worry.
As it turns out, the report was mistaken. 人们后来发现,这篇报告被弄错了。
11, She stood three feet high and her hands rested on th hips.
* rest on = depend on, lean on
e.g. His hand rested lightly on my shoulder. 他的手轻轻搭在我的肩上。
* despite / in spite of +n. /动名词
* so far,up to now 都是完成时的标志, 到目前为止
e.g. Up to now, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
* discover her identity: find out her identity
大家学得怎么样？我们来测试一下把！
（参与选择题20HY,翻译题每题10HY）
Exercises:
1, The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’. This is confirmed by the fact that .
a. some of the houses were built only one storey high
b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple
c. the city had been built on clay
d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating
2, But, the archaeologists have been unable…
a. beforehand b. until now c. for a long time d. at this distance
3, being very old, she was very graceful.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Even d. Even though
4, 那座大楼位于拐角处。
1, The city ‘enjoyed a high level of civilization’. This is confirmed by the fact that .
a. some of the houses were built only one storey high
b. a great number of fragments were found in the temple
c. the city had been built on clay
d. advanced techniques had been employed in building and decorating
key: d
This is confirmed by the fact that引导同位语从句，补充说明fact 的内容。
be employed in:被应用在…方面
本题考察大家理解能力，选项在文中都有体现，但是哪一个更加完整呢？
‘…The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization．Houses--often three storeys high-were built of stone．They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls．The city was even equipped with a drainage system…’
2，But, the archaeologists have been unable…
a. beforehand b. until now c. for a long time d. at this distance
key: b
so far =>until now, up till now
beforehand: (adv.) 事先 = in advance
at this distance (of / in time) 时隔已久
Eg: I can hardly remember him at this distance of time.
3， being very old, she was very graceful.
a. Although b. In spite of c. Even d. Even though
key: b
despite = in spite of (可以和名词、代词、动名词搭配)
4，那座大楼位于拐角处。
The building stands at the corner.
5, 这一传统是从他祖父年轻时开始的。
The tradition dated from the time when his grandfather was young.
6，车上配有空调装置。
The car was equipped with air conditioner.
7，这个古城肯定一度很繁华，因为它曾享有很高的文明。
The ancient city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.
8，当警察看到了照片之后，惊奇地发现那只大猫原来是只美洲狮。
When the policemen saw the picture, they were amazed to find that the large cat turned out to be a puma.
9，翻译时注意句子的逻辑结构：
她身高三英尺，两手叉腰，身穿一条拖地长裙，尽管上了年纪，但体态的确优美，不过考古学家至今未能确认女神的身份。
附上视频里的笔记：（benin自己做的，仅供参考）
1, archeologist
n. 考古学家
相关的单词：
n. archeology 考古学
adj. archeological 考古学的
2, explore
v. to search and discover 考察
explore + 实物\某种问题
e.g. explore space
explore the issue\ topic\question
↘
研究
3，promontory
n. a long, narrow piece of land which goes out into the sea 海角
同义词：headland
4, enjoy
v.
(1) Get pleasure from... 喜欢什么，享受什么
e.g. I enjoy meeting people.我喜欢跟人打交道。
词组：
Enjoy oneself: have a good time
(2) to have the use or benefit of 享有，拥有
e.g. This actress has always enjoyed a good reputation. 这个女演员一直享有很高的声誉。
5，be built of: be made of some material
e.g. The house is built of wood. 房子是木制的。
6，worship
对神的崇拜\对人或物像神一样崇拜
A place of worship 拜神祈祷的地方
e.g. act of worship：religion service 宗教仪式
hero worship 盲目的个人崇拜
7, times
When time is used in plural form, it means “a historical period”.
文中另一处还出现了times， 也指历史时期。
e.g. classical times 特指古希腊，古罗马时期。
8，sacred 神圣的
同义词（synonyms）：holy, divine
反义词（antonym）：profane 亵渎的
9，statue 雕像
e.g. Statue Of Liberty 美国自由女神像
区分形近字：
stature: 身高，水平 e.g. an artist of great stature 一个高水平的艺术家
status:地位，身份 e.g. marital status 婚姻状况
statute: 法令，法规 e.g. college statute 校规
10，paint
Be painted: be painted in color上色
e.g. paint her room pink
paint her nails
paint a picture 画画
11, remains
英文解释：what has been left
中文解释：遗迹，残余，残骸，遗体
e.g. The remains of the days去日留痕
e.g. The remains of the lunch 午餐的剩饭
e.g. The remains of aircraft 飞机的残骸
e.g. His remains were returned to his homeland after his death.他死了之后，遗体被运回家乡。
12，date from: have been existing from
date v.
e.g. Thanks for your letter dated August 15, 2002. 谢谢你在02年八月十五写的信。
Archaeologists were unable to date the fossils. 考古学家无法确定化石的日期。
Are you still dating him? 你还在和他约会吗？
13，amazed: to experience surprise, bewilderment and wonder 惊奇，困惑，惊异
近意词：
Amaze：强调“惊异”
surprise,
astonish,
astound
14，turn out to be: indicate a kind of surprise
e.g. The guy I went to meet turn out to be my former classmate.
15, full-length skirt 拖地长裙
Full-length:
(1)reach the ground
e.g. full-length dress\ coat
(2) showing all of the person:
e.g. full-length mirror and photograph
16, sweep
e.g. sweep the floor 扫地
sweep the ground （长裙）拖在地上
17，great: very old
18, so far: up to now迄今为止
e.g. So far so good. 到现在为止，一切顺利。
19，identity 身份
e.g. identity card 身份证（ID card）
A sense of identity: a sense of belonging 身份感，归属感
20，The Eiffel tower stands 300 meters high.
A bunch of flowers were sitting on the desk.
The bicycle rested against the wall.
